In Type 2 diabetes, why are blood glucose levels elevated?

In Type 2 diabetes, the primary reason for elevated blood glucose levels is that the body cannot effectively use insulin, which is known as insulin resistance. In this condition, although the pancreas may produce insulin, the body's cells do not respond to it as they should. This leads to glucose not being taken up by the cells efficiently, causing elevated glucose levels in the bloodstream.

While it's true that many individuals with Type 2 diabetes may also face issues with insufficient insulin production over time, the hallmark of the disease is the inability of cells to utilize insulin effectively. Thus, the key issue driving the high blood glucose levels is the problem with insulin action rather than solely the quantity of insulin produced.

This understanding is crucial in managing Type 2 diabetes, as it emphasizes the importance of improving insulin sensitivity through lifestyle changes, medications, or both. Therefore, the correct answer reflects both the inadequate response of the body to insulin (insulin resistance) and the potential for reduced insulin production as the disease progresses.