What condition is caused by a continuous buildup of ketones?

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by the accumulation of ketones in the bloodstream, which occurs when the body is unable to utilize glucose for energy due to insufficient insulin. In the absence of adequate insulin, cells begin to break down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketone bodies as a byproduct of fat metabolism. When these ketones build up in the blood, they can lead to metabolic acidosis, a hallmark of DKA.

The condition typically occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes, although it can sometimes arise in those with type 2 diabetes under stressful situations, such as infection or illness. Symptoms of DKA include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, abdominal pain, weakness, and a fruity odor on the breath due to the presence of acetone, a type of ketone.

This condition requires prompt medical intervention, often involving insulin therapy and rehydration to correct the underlying metabolic disturbances and restore normal blood glucose levels. Understanding DKA is critical for recognizing its signs and symptoms, which can be life-threatening if not treated effectively.