What condition is characterized by fluid accumulation around the heart?

The condition characterized by fluid accumulation around the heart is known as cardiac tamponade. This occurs when excess fluid builds up in the pericardial sac, which is the protective membrane surrounding the heart. The accumulation of fluid exerts pressure on the heart, restricting its ability to pump effectively. This can lead to decreased blood flow and can ultimately be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

In contrast, cardiac arrest refers to the cessation of heart function and is not specifically related to fluid accumulation. Aortic dissection involves a tear in the wall of the aorta and is a separate cardiovascular emergency. Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is the result of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to tissue damage, rather than fluid accumulation around the heart. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for recognizing and responding to various cardiac conditions effectively.