What condition is characterized by the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood?

The condition characterized by the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood is congestive heart failure. This condition arises when the heart cannot maintain adequate circulation due to weakened or stiff heart muscles. As a result, the heart's output decreases, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention in the lungs and other parts of the body.

In congestive heart failure, the heart may still be contracting but is unable to supply enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This impaired function can be due to a variety of underlying issues, including previous heart attacks, hypertension, or cardiomyopathy.

Other choices refer to different cardiac conditions: coronary artery disease involves the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm that can lead to insufficient blood flow but does not inherently indicate pump failure, and myocardial infarction indicates a heart attack, which involves the sudden loss of blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to damage. While they can all negatively impact the heart's function in some way, congestive heart failure specifically denotes the heart's chronic inability to effectively pump blood over time.