What is the primary treatment for emphysema?

The primary treatment for emphysema focuses on relieving symptoms and improving patients' quality of life. Inhaled B2 agonists, often classified as bronchodilators, play a crucial role in this regard. They work by relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways, which leads to expanded air passages, making it easier for individuals to breathe. These medications are particularly effective in alleviating shortness of breath and improving airflow, which is essential for patients suffering from emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the destruction of lung tissue and airflow limitation.

Inhaled corticosteroids may be beneficial for certain patients with COPD, especially those with frequent exacerbations, but they primarily serve to reduce inflammation rather than directly improve airflow. Oxygen therapy is vital for individuals with low oxygen levels; however, it does not treat the underlying issues of the disease itself. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, which might occur as a complication in cases of exacerbation but do not address the chronic symptoms of emphysema. Thus, while each of these treatments has its place in managing emphysema, inhaled B2 agonists remain the primary choice for symptom relief and enhancing pulmonary function in patients with this condition.