What is Type 1 diabetes characterized by?

Type 1 diabetes is characterized primarily by insulin dependence and often has its onset during childhood or adolescence, which is why it is sometimes referred to as juvenile diabetes. In individuals with Type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin. As a result, these individuals require insulin therapy to control their blood glucose levels.

This condition contrasts with Type 2 diabetes, where the body typically develops insulin resistance over time and may still produce insulin, although not in sufficient amounts. High blood sugar levels in Type 1 diabetes arise not from dietary choices but from the inability to produce insulin. The mention of juvenile onset is significant in identifying the demographic most affected by Type 1 diabetes, usually children and young adults.

In summary, the defining characteristics of Type 1 diabetes—insulin dependence and juvenile onset—distinguish it from other types of diabetes that involve different mechanisms and risk factors.