What term describes progressively deeper and faster breathing alternating with shallow and slower breathing?

The term that describes progressively deeper and faster breathing alternating with shallow and slower breathing is known as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This pattern is characterized by a cyclical nature in which the individual experiences a gradual increase in the rate and depth of breathing, followed by a deceleration until the breath becomes very shallow or pauses altogether. This phenomenon is often associated with various medical conditions, particularly those affecting the brain, such as strokes or severe heart failure.

Understanding the specifics of Cheyne-Stokes respiration is crucial because it indicates an alteration in the normal respiratory drive and can signify underlying pathophysiological changes. Recognizing this breathing pattern can help clinicians assess a patient’s neurological status and overall prognosis.

The other terms do not describe this specific breathing pattern. Hyperventilation refers to an increase in breathing rate and depth but does not cycle the way Cheyne-Stokes does. Biot's respiration involves groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by irregular periods of apnea, differing from the cyclical nature of Cheyne-Stokes. Kussmaul breathing is a deep, labored breathing pattern typically associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis, and does not feature the alternating shallow and deep breathing characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes.