Which nervous system is activated by stress?

Stress primarily activates the sympathetic nervous system, which is part of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response, preparing an individual to respond to perceived threats. When faced with a stressful situation, the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, dilates air passages, and directs blood flow to muscles, among other physiological changes. This rapid response is essential for survival, allowing the body to either confront or flee from danger.

While the central nervous system is involved in processing the stressor and directing appropriate responses, it is the sympathetic nervous system that triggers immediate bodily reactions to stress. The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is responsible for "rest and digest" functions, promoting a state of relaxation and recovery. Understanding this distinction can help clarify how the body responds to stress and the differing roles of the nervous system components involved.