Which of the following describes the effect of vomiting in metabolic alkalosis?

In the context of metabolic alkalosis, vomiting plays a significant role in altering the body's acid-base balance. When vomiting occurs, particularly of gastric contents, there is a significant loss of hydrochloric acid (HCl), which leads to an increase in bicarbonate (HCO3) levels in the bloodstream. This increase in bicarbonate contributes to the state of metabolic alkalosis.

More specifically, the loss of HCl means that the normal acid-base equilibrium is disrupted, causing bicarbonate levels to rise in relation to hydrogen ions (H+) in the body. To compensate for this loss and to maintain physiological function, the kidneys may conserve bicarbonate closer to a normal range, but the immediate effect of vomiting is to elevate HCO3 levels.

Therefore, the correct answer accurately reflects the physiological response to vomiting in the context of metabolic alkalosis, highlighting the interconnectedness between acid loss and bicarbonate retention.