Which of the following describes heat cramps?

Heat cramps are a medical condition that typically occur during physical activity in hot environments. They are characterized by involuntary muscle contractions or spasms, which are often accompanied by pain. These cramps are the result of the body's response to fluid and electrolyte loss, particularly sodium and potassium, due to heavy sweating. Therefore, muscle pain and spasms are the hallmark symptoms of heat cramps, making this choice the correct description of the condition.

While dizziness and confusion, profuse sweating, and high body temperature can be associated with other heat-related illnesses such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke, they do not specifically define heat cramps. Dizziness and confusion indicate a more severe condition where the body is struggling to maintain core temperature and hydration, while profuse sweating signifies the body's attempt to cool itself, and high body temperature is an indicator of heat-related illness severity, rather than the cramps themselves.