Which of the following is associated with hypoxia?

Hypoxia refers to a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues, which can result from various medical conditions. Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that can impair gas exchange in the lungs, leading to reduced oxygen levels in the blood and consequently causing hypoxia. This occurs because the inflammation and fluid buildup in the lung tissue hinder the ability to effectively transfer oxygen into the bloodstream.

Syncope, or fainting, can also be associated with hypoxia. In some cases, a lack of oxygen reaching the brain—due to various reasons such as decreased blood flow or oxygen saturation—can cause a person to faint. Though syncope can have multiple causes, when it is related to low oxygen levels, it underscores the significance of hypoxia as a potential factor.

Thus, because both pneumonia and syncope are conditions that can be linked to hypoxia, the correct choice encompasses both of these associations, reinforcing the understanding that hypoxia can manifest through different clinical presentations.