Which type of solution has a greater concentration of sodium compared to the cells?

The correct choice is the hypertonic solution, which is characterized by having a higher concentration of solutes, including sodium, compared to the intracellular fluid of the cells. In a hypertonic environment, the osmotic gradient causes water to move out of the cells and into the surrounding solution in an attempt to equalize solute concentrations. This movement can lead to cell shrinkage or crenation as cells lose water.

In contrast, in a hypotonic solution, the solute concentration is lower outside the cell than inside, causing water to move into the cells and potentially leading to cell swelling or lysis. An isotonic solution has an equal concentration of solutes and water on both sides of the cell membrane, thus maintaining cell size and shape without causing osmotic movement of water. A neutral solution does not specifically refer to the concentration of sodium but typically indicates a balance in pH rather than solute concentration compared to cells.

Understanding these terms is crucial for managing fluid therapy and understanding how different saline solutions affect cellular environments in patient care.